![]() In the 1860s, two Western explorers, Paul Du Chaillu and Georg Schweinfurth, claimed to have found the mythical "Pygmies". However, the term was used diffusely, and treated as unsubstantiated claims of "dwarf tribes" among the Bushmen of the interior of Africa, until the exploration of the Congo basin. The use of "Pygmy" in reference to the small-framed African hunter-gatherers dates to the early 19th century, in English first by John Barrow, Travels Into the Interior of Southern Africa (1806). The word is derived from πυγμή pygmē, a term for " cubit" (lit. The term Pygmy, as used to refer to diminutive people, derives from Greek πυγμαῖος pygmaios (via Latin Pygmaeus, plural Pygmaei), a term for "dwarf" from Greek mythology. ![]() Name Congo Pygmy father and son ( Belgian Congo at War, 1942) Pygmy family posing with a European man for scale ( Collier's New Encyclopedia, 1921) A group of Pygmy men from Nala ( Haut-Uele, northeastern Congo) posing with bows and arrows ( c. West African hunter-gatherers, many of whom dwelt in the forest–savanna region, were ultimately acculturated and admixed into larger groups of West African agriculturalists, akin to the migratory Bantu-speaking agriculturalists and their encounters with Central African hunter-gatherers. The number does not include Southern Twa populations, who live outside of the Central Africa forest environment, partly in open swamp or desert environments.Īdditionally, West African hunter-gatherers may have dwelled in western Central Africa earlier than 32,000 BP and dwelled in West Africa between 16,000 BP and 12,000 BP until as late as 1000 BP or some period of time after 1500 CE. A total number of about 900,000 Pygmies were estimated to be living in the central African forests in 2016, about 60% of this number in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Most contemporary Pygmy groups are only partially foragers and partially trade with neighboring farmers to acquire cultivated foods and other material items no group lives deep in the forest without access to agricultural products. They are assumed to be descended from the original Middle Stone Age expansion of anatomically modern humans to Central Africa, albeit substantially affected by later migrations from West Africa, from their first appearance in the historical record in the 19th century limited to a comparatively small area within Central Africa, greatly decimated by the prehistoric Bantu expansion, and to the present time widely affected by enslavement at the hands of neighboring Bantu, Ubangian and Central Sudanic groups. They are notable for, and named for, their short stature (described as " pygmyism" in anthropological literature). The more widely scattered (and more variable in physiology and lifestyle) Southern Twa are also grouped under the term Pygmoid. the central and southern Batwa, or Twa ( Rwanda, Burundi, DRC, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Angola and Namibia).the eastern Bambuti, or Mbuti, of the Congo basin ( DRC).The western Bambenga, or Mbenga ( Cameroon, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic),. ![]() They are divided into three roughly geographic groups: The African Pygmies (or Congo Pygmies, variously also Central African foragers, "African rainforest hunter-gatherers" (RHG) or "Forest People of Central Africa") are a group of ethnicities native to Central Africa, mostly the Congo Basin, traditionally subsisting on a forager and hunter-gatherer lifestyle. Baka dancers in the East Province of Cameroon (2006) Aka mother and child, Central African Republic (2014) A map showing the distribution of Congo Pygmies and their languages according to Bahuchet (2006). Insects, but also some rodents and birds."African Pygmy" redirects here. In the wild, these birds feed mainly on small lizards and large Lives in eastern and southern Africa, the smallest raptor of theĪs a small falcon, only 19 to 20 cm long, it preys on insects, smallĪfrican pygmy falcons are found around the arid steppes of eastern and The African Pygmy-falcon (Polihierax semitorquatus) is a falcon that The Sport of FalconryĪfrican Pygmy-falcon (Polihierax semitorquatus) ![]() Widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category.Īfrican Pygmy Falcon - Polihierax semitorquatusAfrican Pygmy-falconsīirds of Prey. Does not qualify for a more at risk category. The African Pygmy Falcon is classified as Least Concern. Original source: Steve Garvie from Dunfermline, Fife, ScotlandCamera location Author: Steve Garvie from Dunfermline, Fife, ScotlandCamera location Picture of the African Pygmy Falcon has been licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike. ![]()
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![]() “$variable name.” is the variable's name, “” is the element's access index number, and “value” is the array element's value.Instead, you can use the employees' names as keys in an associative list, with their salaries as the value. The index of an associative array is a string that allows you to create a strong link between key and value.Ī numerically indexed array is not the best option for storing employee salaries in an array. In terms of features, associative arrays are very similar to numeric arrays, but they vary in terms of the index. A better and more effective option would be to use the names of the subjects as the keys in your associative list, with their respective marks as the value. For instance, If you need to store marks earned by a student in different subjects in an array, a numerically indexed array may not be the right choice. Multiple indices are used to access values in a multidimensional array, which contains one or more arrays.Īssociative arrays in PHP store key value pairs.Rather than storing element values in a strict linear index order, this stores them in combination with key values. Associative Array - It refers to an array with strings as an index.Values are stored and accessed in a linear fashion ![]()
![]() ![]() Using pure Git, you can easily push to two or more repositories with a single push command. Git's decentralization is useful in solving this problem. Many developers and users would prefer to support and interact with a stack such as GitLab, which has an open source community edition. In short, if the internet has taught us anything over the past few decades, it's that relying on the internet to magically create backups isn't the most reliable road to redundancy.īesides, it's a problem for a lot of people that many open source projects are hosted on GitHub, which is not an open platform. Nobody anticipated the closure of Google Code, Microsoft CodePlex, or Gitorious when they were at their peak. Similarly, entire code-hosting sites have disappeared in the past. This, in theory, mitigates "disasters" such as a project maintainer suddenly deciding to remove a repository or inexplicably blocking all traffic and leaving developers scrambling to figure out who has the latest version of the master branch. If 100 people do that, then there are 100 backup copies of a repository. The theory is that each time someone clones a Git repository to their local computer, they are creating a backup of the project's source code. Because Git is decentralized, many people also think of it as a kind of crowdsourced backup solution. It's in your computer at home, it's in your computer at work, it's on the internet, and a lot of it is managed with Git. The first thing we need to do is to generate a new SSH key and capture the contents of the public key, which we will be using later.Open source is everywhere. Once the variables are set, let’s begin developing our role. For example /usr/bin/git Role Development GIT_EXECUTABLE: The location of the git binary on the target machine. A typical location would be ~/.ssh/known_hosts ![]() KNOWN_HOSTS_PATH: Location of the SSH known_hosts file on the target machine. An example would be Switch to this branch after cloningĬLONE_DEST: The folder where repository should be cloned to GIT_REPO: The SSH url of the GitHub repository to be cloned. A typical location would be ~/.ssh/id_rsa.git KEY_PATH: Full path of the directory where the SSH key should be stored. KEY_TITLE: The title of the SSH key to be added to the GitHub account Great! Now go ahead and paste the generated encrypted variable into vars/main.yml fileĪside from GITHUB_ACCESS_TOKEN, there are seven other variables that we will be using in our role: I like to use a passphrase and encrypt it using an encryption tool:Īnsible-vault encrypt_string '' -name 'GITHUB_ACCESS_TOKEN' -vault-password-file=/path/to/password/file A password file can be a simple text file containing your Ansible vault password. To avoid being prompted for a vault password, we will be using a vault password file. Because we want to automate the process of cloning a private repository, we don’t want to stop the playbook for user input during run time. To decrypt the encrypted string at run time, Ansible will prompt the user to enter the vault password. ![]() Ansible Vault provides an easy way to encrypt a string and use it as a variable. Once we have generated the token, it should be encrypted before being used in a playbook. Make sure to select the following four scopes for your token: From there, go to Settings -> Developer Settings -> Personal access tokens -> Generate new token. To do that, simply go to your GitHub home page. The first order of business that we need to take care of is creating a GitHub personal access token. We will be following the second approach by developing a role that creates a new SSH key on the remote machine, adds the public key to a GitHub account and, ultimately, clones the private repository.īefore we jump into developing our role, there are some prerequisites that we need to satisfy. If the remote machine is ever compromised, your private key would be exposed.Ĭreate a task or role that generates a new SSH key on the remote machine and adds the public key to the git server. It is not advisable to do this due to security concerns. At this point, two possible solutions to this problem would be:Ĭreate a task that copies your local SSH private key to the remote machine before performing the clone operation. As a result, the git server is unable to authenticate the clone request. This is happening because the remote machine where Ansible is trying to clone the repository into, does not have the same SSH credentials that your local machine does. ![]() ![]() ![]() Vertigo is the false sense that your surroundings are spinning or moving. Inner ear, which houses sensors that help detect gravity and back-and-forth motion.Sensory nerves, which send messages to your brain about body movements and positions.Eyes, which help you determine where your body is in space and how it's moving.Your sense of balance depends on the combined input from the various parts of your sensory system. Inner ear problems that cause dizziness (vertigo) How long the dizziness lasts and any other symptoms you have also help pinpoint the cause. The way dizziness makes you feel and your triggers provide clues for possible causes. Sometimes it's caused by an underlying health condition, such as poor circulation, infection or injury. ![]() Within these cells are tiny particles (otoconia) that help monitor the position of your head in relation to gravity and linear motion, such as going up and down in an elevator or moving forward and backward in a car.ĭizziness has many possible causes, including inner ear disturbance, motion sickness and medication effects. At the base of the canals are the utricle and saccule, each containing a patch of sensory hair cells. Loop-shaped canals in your inner ear contain fluid and fine, hairlike sensors that help you keep your balance. Get emergency medical care if you experience new, severe dizziness or vertigo along with any of the following: Generally, see your doctor if you experience any recurrent, sudden, severe, or prolonged and unexplained dizziness or vertigo. The episode may last seconds or days and may recur. Your dizziness may be accompanied by nausea or be so sudden or severe that you need to sit or lie down. These feelings may be triggered or worsened by walking, standing up or moving your head. A feeling of floating, wooziness or heavy-headedness.A false sense of motion or spinning (vertigo).People experiencing dizziness may describe it as any of a number of sensations, such as: ![]() ![]() ![]() Later, he speaks more seriously of fictional ancestor Sean Aloysius O'Brien, a major player in one of the first United States workers' unions, who participated in the Coal Strike of 1902 in Pennsylvania and was shot, then dumped into the Allegheny River. In the DS9 episode " Bar Association", O'Brien jokingly claims to be a direct descendant of real-life Irish High King Brian Boru (according to Irish tradition, all people with the surname " O'Brien" are Boru's descendants). "The Minstrel Boy" is the first musical theme to be heard in the flashback sequence. He sings the song in this episode, and much later, in the final episode of DS9 " What You Leave Behind". In that episode, it is clear that the classic Irish tune " The Minstrel Boy" plays a major part of his journey as a character: an innocent man thrown into the destructive nature of war. O'Brien does not remember how many Cardassians he killed, because he killed so many ( Star Trek DS9: "The Inquisition"). The TNG episode " The Wounded" establishes that O'Brien served as tactical officer aboard the USS Rutledge during the Cardassian War and that he was emotionally scarred by the Cardassians' massacre of hundreds of civilians on Setlik III. ![]() In the DS9 episode " Invasive Procedures", it is revealed he has two brothers. O'Brien can also be seen playing the cello as part of Data's string quartet early in the TNG episode " The Ensigns of Command". However, a few days before he was scheduled to start classes there, he enlisted in Starfleet. His father, Michael O'Brien, wanted him to play the cello, so he pursued this and was eventually accepted into the Aldebaran Music Academy (revealed in DS9 episode " Shadowplay"). He claims descent from Brian Boru, the famous Ard Rí, or High King of Ireland (and founder of the O'Brien Clan). The backstory of the character states that Miles O'Brien was born in Killarney, a town in County Kerry in Ireland, Earth, in September 2328. Starfleet Academy - San Francisco, California, EarthĬharacter story Backstory.Chief Engineer USS Defiant (Support starship assigned to Deep Space Nine).Deep Space Nine (Federation administered Bajoran station).Setlik III - Skirmish with Cardassian forces during the Cardassian/Federation war.Rick Berman said the character was named Miles after his nephew. Along with Worf, Miles O'Brien is one of the two characters that moved from TNG to be a main character on DS9. However, Meaney came to like the arrangement of being hired on an episode-by-episode basis, and was hesitant to sign on as a regular on DS9. Appearing on and off in subsequent episodes, mainly operating the ship's transporters, it wasn't until the second-season episode " Unnatural Selection" that Meaney's character was named, and the second episode of season 4, " Family," before the character was given a first name, and his personal life began to be developed. O'Brien is the only major Star Trek character described as both ethnically Irish and born in Ireland Colm Meaney, the actor who portrays him, is Irish.Īccording to Colm Meaney, at first O'Brien "was just there, not really established as a character, and that went on for a bit." He has a few lines in the pilot TNG episode, " Encounter at Farpoint". ![]() Being portrayed in 225 episodes overall, O'Brien is the Star Trek character with the second most appearances in the Star Trek franchise, second only to Worf ( Michael Dorn). He was later promoted to chief of operations of Deep Space Nine. O'Brien was originally the transporter chief of the USS Enterprise-D. O'Brien appears occasionally in all seven seasons of Star Trek: The Next Generation and is a main cast member of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. Miles Edward O'Brien is a character in the Star Trek franchise, portrayed by actor Colm Meaney. ![]() ![]()
![]() ![]() The game is simple to play but difficult to master. Learn more By Dylan Lockwood published 26 Decem.Look no further than Slope 2 Unblocked! This fast-paced game will have you on the edge of your seat as you navigate a ball through a challenging and constantly changing landscape. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Tunnel Rush.Slope Game - Play Unblocked & Free Slope Unblocked Game 4.9/5 - (6613 votes) Fullscreen Widescreen Endless Runner Endless Runner Run 2 Endless Runner Run 3 Away Endless Runner Run Fun! Endless Runner Temple Run 2 Endless Runner Chrome Dinosaur Game Endless Runner Subway Surfers Endless Runner Color Tunnel Endless Runner Tunnel Rush More Games GamesLearn how to unblock your Facebook frenemy in just a few simple steps. This is list similar games: Slope Racing 3D. 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With its sleek 3D graphics and intense gameplay, Slope offers a thrilling gaming experience that requires quick reflexes and sharp reactions. Play amazing crazy game slope unblocked on our site, also you can play all games like slope at school, home or even at work with your friendsDescription. How far can you go before hitting rock bottom? In Slope Unblocked, you're faced with a simple yet perilous challenge: roll downhill as far as possible. This allows you to play the slope game UNBLOCKED! My original one was blocked so I remade it.Slope Unblocked is an exciting 3D browser game that you can play online! Brace yourself for an adrenaline-fueled boost of speed as you embark on a never-ending descent down a treacherous surface. This allows you to play the slope game UNBLOCKED! My original one was blocked so I remade it. Instructions: Drag the ball left or right to avoid all obstacles and try not to fall. An adrenaline-filled challenge as you hurtle down the slope. ![]() Never-ending experience of downhill fun.Slope Ball features the following gameplay elements: A game like this is, naturally, popular with the young folk, especially during. It's a delightfully simple little experience the ball rolls down an endless slope, and you need to carefully steer it out of the way of oncoming hazards. Make big explosions.Slope is a simple Unity game created by Rob Kay, whom you may remember as the lead designer of Guitar Hero. Your browser does not support WebGL OKSmash Karts is a free io Multiplayer Kart Battle Arena game. ![]() ![]() The information contained herein is general in nature and is not intended, and should not be construed, as legal, accounting or tax advice or opinion provided by Ernst & Young LLP to the reader. Kristie Lowery ( Kenneth Hausser ( Debera Salam ( Payroll News Flash.Workforce Tax Services - Employment Tax Advisory Services ![]() In August 2022, the Department also published an updated Income Tax Withholding Guide for Employers.įor additional information concerning this Alert, please contact: The increase in the standard deduction is scheduled to sunset after tax year 2025 when it will revert to the standard deduction amounts that applied prior to tax year 2019 - $3,000 for single filers and $6,000 for married couples filing jointly. If the 5% growth rate is not met for either taxable year, the standard deduction for that taxable year will be $7,500 for single individuals and $15,000 for married persons. For tax year 2023 the increase in the standard deduction is contingent on annual revenue growth of at least 5% for the 12-month period of July 2022 through June 2023. Under HB 30, for tax year 2022 the standard deduction increases from $4,500 to $8,000 for single filers and from $9,000 to $16,000 for married filers filing jointly if the annual revenue growth is at least 5% for the six-month period of July 2022 through December 2022. The updated tables and formulas reflect an increase in the standard deduction effective January 1, 2022, as enacted under HB 30 and approved by Virginia Governor Glenn Younkin on June 22, 2022. The Virginia Department of Taxation (DOT) has released updated wage bracket and withholding formulas, which are effective with wages paid on or after October 1, 2022. Virginia revised income tax withholding tables and formulas apply for wages paid on and after October 1, 2022 ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() You may also get exclusive benefits from your local energy distributor. 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Easy to Release:This ice cube trays are made of durable plastic, making it a breeze to pop out perfectly round ice cubes compared to silicone molds.If you have any questions or issues regarding the chopper please do not hesitate to send the seller a message through Amazon and we will respond within 24 hours Read the manual carefully - Please read the instruction manual provided with the Fullstar food chopper closely before use. ![]() ![]() It can be fully disassembled for easy cleaning on the top shelf of your dishwasher. This compact chopper measures just 10.63”L x 4.72”H x 4.48”W. Slice, dice, chop and cut fruits and vegetables safely and easily, in half the time. Soft grip handle with rubberized tpu enhances leverage while the non-skid base ensures stability during use.Give the perfect kitchen gifts for women and men! Cut potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, carrots and more. 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(These listings are often published separately, in a city directory, or under another name, for a price, and made available to commercial and government agencies.) Grey pages, sometimes called a "reverse telephone directory", allowing subscriber details to be found for a given number.Yellow pages, golden pages, A2Z, or classified directory is usually a "business directory", where businesses are listed alphabetically within each of many classifications (e.g., "lawyers"), almost always with paid advertising.White pages generally indicates personal or alphabetic listings.Types Ī telephone directory and its content may be known by the colour of the paper it is printed on. ![]() Efforts to create cellular directories have met stiff opposition from several fronts, including those who seek to avoid telemarketers. In the US, under current rules and practices, mobile phone and voice over IP listings are not included in telephone directories. There may be transit maps, postal code/zip code guides, international dialing codes or stadium seating charts, as well as advertising. It may also have civil defense, emergency management, or first aid information. Ī telephone directory may also provide instructions: how to use the telephone service, how to dial a particular number, be it local or international, what numbers to access important and emergency services, utilities, hospitals, doctors, and organizations who can provide support in times of crisis. In principle every subscriber in the geographical coverage area is listed, but subscribers may request the exclusion of their number from the directory, often for a fee their number is then said to be " unlisted" ( US and Canada), "ex-directory" ( British English), or "private" (Australia and New Zealand). ![]() Subscriber names are generally listed in alphabetical order, together with their postal or street address and telephone number. The slogan "Let Your Fingers Do the Walking" refers to use of phone books. Some communities, such as Seattle and San Francisco, sought to ban their unsolicited distribution as wasteful, unwanted and harmful to the environment. The advent of the Internet, search engines, and smartphones in the 21st century greatly reduced the need for a paper phone book. Its purpose is to allow the telephone number of a subscriber identified by name and address to be found. For other uses, see White pages (disambiguation).Ī telephone directory, commonly called a telephone book, telephone address book, phonebook, or the white and yellow pages, is a listing of telephone subscribers in a geographical area or subscribers to services provided by the organization that publishes the directory. "Telephone book", "Phone book", and "White pages" redirect here. ![]() |
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